Month: October 2012

  • 一部至今不能公映的电影(视

    一部至今不能公映的电影(视频)

    《太阳和人》海报 (画家袁运生绘制,也是唯一一份样张)
    時間:2012-02-23 07:48:06  來源:阿波罗网   作者:

    1980年,由长春电影制片厂出品的影片《苦恋》,“出师未捷身先死”,从制作完成到今天,从未公开上映过。人们只是通过著名作家白桦1979年发表在《十月》杂志上的电影剧本了解到该片的一些基本情况。

    影片描写的是一个出生在中国云南的画家凌晨光,穷其一生的热情,苦苦爱恋着大陆河川,向往一个新中国,虽然侨居海外,但仍旧毅然放弃安逸的生活与自己的妻子回到祖国。但最后才发现,他依恋的雪原大地是那样残酷地埋葬了他的遗骸,而他的遗骸只不过是一个他匐匍爬行成一个大问号底下的一个渺小的逗点而已。他在历次政治运动中受尽迫害,他们的女儿从小也遭受歧视。最终,他在逃亡中黯然死去,,临死前在雪地上画下了一个大大的问号。文化大革命结束之后,女儿执意要出国生活,在四边亲人都极力试图挽留她的时候,女儿则感慨谈起了父亲对祖国的单思与苦恋。她说:“你们爱祖国,可是祖国爱你们吗?”这段台词成为《苦恋》最大的”罪状”。

    《苦恋》改编成电影后更名为《太阳和人》,但前者的影响无疑更为巨大。这部影片在举行内部放映的时候引起很大争议,指责者甚至上升到违背“四项基本原则”的高度。随之而来的是贯穿于1981年全年的对该片的批判浪潮。

    虽然我们现在还等不到《苦恋》公映的时刻,但我们不能忘记在我们的生活中存在着这部20多年来没有公映过的这部“著名电影”。

    《苦恋》由著名作家白桦和彭宁编剧,导演为彭宁,主演是辽宁人艺的刘文治和当时的性感明星冷眉,还有黄梅莹。

    编剧白桦

    编剧白桦最近在接受《南方都市报》采访时说:“1981年1月10日晚,我求见胡耀邦,惟一的要求是请他看看影片《太阳和人》。他可能考虑到方方面面的情况,拒绝了我的请求。当着他的秘书告诉我:“这部影片在没有审查通过之前,我不看。昨天晚上在中南海放了这部片子,我没有去。听说有人反对,有人支持。我们家看过电影的就是两派。我的儿子是赞同你们的,我的秘书就不赞同。希望你们的电影能够通过,然后也能在电视上放,我会坐在这张藤椅上看。”白桦认为胡耀邦是一个胸襟坦白的人。他一直都在竭力拖住从“左”面驶来的一乘烈火战车,这是“文革”后最危险的一乘战车。因而这一事件才没有扩大为一场政治运动。后来终于以正常的文艺批评的形式平安结束,一切全都是他的努力。

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    导演白桦近照

    由白桦编写的另一作品话剧《吴王金戈越王剑》,因为胡乔木对这部戏做了一个很长的批示,才遭到禁演。1983年由北京人艺解禁首演时,副总理习仲勋审查的时候肯定了这部戏。而且那一次他还在私下里说,他很欣赏武汉军区政委李成芳在批《苦恋》时的镇静态度。当时抵制批判《苦恋》的人当中,不仅有党外的巴金、曹禺、扬振宁、吴祖光,还有党内的周杨、项南及《人民日报》、《文汇报》等。再加上导演彭宁的父亲以前在红军时跟胡耀邦是战友,他们有很多的私人来往。彭宁是年轻人,口无遮拦,这就很容易造成了一个错觉,认为胡耀邦是这部影片的后台,否则不会这么大胆。

    导演彭宁

    《苦恋》的电影剧本由白桦、彭宁两位联袂创作,这也是彭宁导演的第二部电影。

    彭宁,北京电影学院66届导演系毕业生,和丁荫楠、史践凡是同学。文革那时楸5.16分子,北京街头贴满了大字报“揪出5.16分子叶向真(叶剑英女儿、中央戏剧学院学生)刘诗昆(当时的叶向真丈夫、钢琴家)彭宁”。后来彭宁就没了音信,听说被关了起来。

    1979 年从《大众电影》上看到长春电影制片厂拍了一部揭露林彪5.71工程计划,描写林立果等要在硕放炸毛主席专列的故事片《瞬间》。该片由上影的梁波罗和北京人艺的马群主演,还有黄梅莹等,导演是彭宁。这是从文革大字报十多年后,首次知道了彭宁在长影当导演。不久传来了《瞬间》审查未获通过的消息。直到 1982年《瞬间》解禁,却只演了几场,又不见了踪影。

    不知是彭宁的不幸还是黄梅莹的不幸,他们合作的第二部影片《苦恋》又遭禁了。有人说,否则中国将出来个大导演—彭宁。也有人说,否则中国将出来个大明星—黄梅莹。

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    《大众电影》封面 《苦恋》剧照

    不久彭宁又在《收获》上发表了《初夏的风》并组建了摄制组,由此“美术助理”冯小刚才有了触电的第一次机会。

    冯小刚在2006年第六期出版的《当代电影》上曾经这样自述自己的触电经历:“我是1958年出生的中年人,属狗,今年48岁,我的名字和1958年的大炼钢铁有着直接的关系,23岁之前从未接触过电影界,更没有想过日后会成为一名电影导演,并以此为生,1981年一个偶然的机会第一次近距离接触了电影,在彭宁导演的故事片《初夏的风》剧组担任美术助理,事隔14年后执导了第一部电影《永失我爱》。”

    1987年,老秦在安定门联社创建了大新建材,开张?几天,专门生产建筑龙骨的首钢冶金机械厂的王立群带来了他的一个40多岁的朋友,经介绍才知他就是彭宁。原来《初夏的风》又遭挫折后,彭宁元气大伤,于是下海经商,往返于大陆香港之间。

    据了解导演彭宁的父亲彭加伦早在30年代任中央军委总政治部秘书长时,胡耀邦是总政治部组织部副部长。彭加伦,1923年就参加了革命。连彭加伦这个名字都是毛泽东主席给取的。因长得特别像俄国一个叫加伦的将军。在长征途中,毛泽东戏称他为“加伦将军”,从此所有的人都跟着毛泽东叫他加伦。以后这称呼就传出去、改不了了,人人都叫他彭加伦。新中国成立后,他先后担任中共江西省委宣传部部长、中央教育部工农教育局局长等职。1970年1月16日在北京病逝,享年64岁。

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    1937年王定国(前左二)与谢觉哉(前左四)、刘英(前左三)、徐梦秋(前左五)、彭加伦(前右二)、贺子珍(后左三)等在兰州八路军办事处

    甭管怎么论,乔冠华和彭加伦也是儿女亲家,没想到双方都让毛主席他老人家换了称呼,一方被称“乔老爷”,一方被改成“彭加伦”。有缘。人人都知道乔冠华的儿子外交部副部长乔宗淮,但很少有人知道乔宗淮的妻子就是彭加伦的女儿彭燕燕,当年曾策划邓丽君大陆演出的主谋。70年代乔冠华和章含之恋爱后,乔宗准曾住在彭家,一住就是七年。乔宗淮由于与父亲的关系弄僵了,又加上在农村的苦闷经历,情绪一直比较低落。这时恰逢后来的党中央总书记胡耀邦正“靠边站”赋闲在家,乔宗淮和胡耀邦比较谈得来,于是他经常到胡家谈心。胡耀邦也把他当成自己的儿子一样看待,经常劝乔宗淮不要荒废学业。     

    彭宁有个弟弟彭长征,又名彭查理,长期在北京经商,是新风霞和吴祖光的女婿,吴霜的丈夫。去年彭查理写了《〈我与乔冠华〉并非故事的全部》一文,很是轰动。

    2003年9月,上海同济大学成立电影学院,著名电影导演黄蜀芹应邀担任学院首任院长,彭宁和张瑞芳、孙道临、秦怡、谢晋、吴贻弓、于本正、朱永德、丁荫楠等一批著名影人和艺术理论专家应邀担任学院艺术顾问。

    2007年彭宁去世,对于这样一个杰出的人来说,60多岁正是英年呀!

    据说除了彭宁,《苦恋》的摄影师张松平,副导演于福来都是英年早逝。真是电影《苦恋》苦事多多。

    看《苦恋》视频 : http://www.tuidang.org/td/news/szps/2012-02-23/3061.html

    附:《文汇报》拒绝转载批判《苦恋》文章内情

    作者:马达 

    一九八一年四月二十日一早,新华社播发解放军报特约评论员文章《四项基本原则不容违反??评电影文学剧本〈苦恋〉》。新华社为此特别发了一个“公监”,大意说:“遵照上级领导的指示,各省、市、自治区报纸请即于显著地位,转载解放军报特约评论员文章。”一则 “公监”,新华社就传达了一项重要指示,而下这个指示的“上级领导”是谁,不知道;指示的具体内容是什么,也不知道。但第二、第三天,全国各地省级报纸纷纷在第一版显著地位转载了这篇文章,惟独文汇报一家没有转载。

    为什么会出现这一情况呢?我回忆当时情况,心中有许多说不出的感慨。今天回忆二十年前的那场讨论和争论,或许可以使我们从中得到一些有益的东西。

    四月二十日早上,我刚走进办公室,就听到电话铃声响了。打电话来的是市委一位主管宣传报纸工作的书记。他对我说:“今天解放军报要发表一篇重要评论,是批《苦恋》的。我在北京与总政已谈好了,新华社播发后,你们要与军报一起登。”我回答说:“好的,新华社还没有发。”上午十时左右,解放军报一位我认识的副总编辑打电话给我,说:“老马,过去我们两个“解放”一直合作得很好(两个“解放”是指解放军报和解放日报,“文革”前夕我任解放日报党委书记兼总编辑时,在业务上与解放军报联系较多,有过愉快的合作),今天新华社要播发我们的一篇评论员文章,是批《苦恋》的。希望你们《文汇报》和我们,一南一北,一同见报。”我说:“新华社稿子我还没有看到,看到后再联络。”大约中午刚过,新华社的电讯稿播发了,我把电讯稿一连看了两遍,放下眼镜沉思起来。我的直觉提出了几个问题:为什么军队批评部队一位作家的作品,要这样大张旗鼓?为什么这篇文章全是政治批判,语气十分严厉?为什么一篇文艺评论文章,要全国地方大报都要同时在显著地位刊登?我感到这件事非同小可,我连忙叫秘书通知报社党委成员立即到我办公室开会,并传看了这篇评论员文章。

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    1985年全国作家代表大会上,胡耀邦与白桦握手。此照片一经发表,海内外都误以为意识形态的形势好转。

    我不认识剧作者白桦,一九八零年秋在中共中央宣传部召开的全国总编辑会议上放了一部电影,片名叫《太阳和人》,是根据小说《苦恋》改编的(这部电影已封存禁放)。这部影片是作为反面教材放给会议代表们看的,会议没有展开讨论。听说影片以著名画家黄永玉为原型,讲述他在“文革”中的遭遇。影片给我留下两点模糊的印象:一是,影片中主人公在“文革”中遭受残酷迫害和非人待遇,境况凄惨,我看了很难过,也很同情;二是,影片末尾的画面上,一个血红如火的大太阳从地面越升越高,越升越大,一个受伤的人伏在雪地上艰难地爬行,两相对照,明眼人一看就知道,这是强烈的暗示:领袖被无限地神化了,而普通人的人性却被践踏了。看到最后,我有点喘不过气来。影片采用这种隐喻、夸张的手法,我感到太离谱,煽动性太大。

    碰头会在热烈进行。大家看过电讯稿,从不同角度发表了意见。有的说,三中全会以后,知识分子“惊魂甫定”,“心有余悸”,这样一批,一围攻,以为又要搞什么政治运动了;有的说,全国的大报都一起转载一篇批评文章,这不是又重复“文革”时大批判的做法吗;还有的说,评价一部作品,既要考虑思想内容,又要作艺术分析,不能只从政治概念出发,用政治原则代替文艺批评。议论很热烈,我最后征求大家对转载这篇稿件的意见,大家都支持我的看法;一致不同意转载这篇稿件。会议进行中,那位市委负责同志又打来第二次电话,问:“稿件来了没有?你们准备发吗?这篇文章很重要,是中央精神(但他不肯说明是什么中央精神),我是同意了的(指转载军报评论文章)。”我回答说:“我们正在讨论。”

    解放军报的评论员文章,是从“违反四项基本原则”这一命题来批评电影文学剧本《苦恋》的,认为《苦恋》是当时要开展的反资产阶级自由化的一个反面典型。

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    《苦恋》剧照

    评论文章的基本论点是:一、《苦恋》写一个画家一生苦恋祖国,却遭到祖国践踏的悲剧。从主人公解放前后的遭遇,说明作者所描写和抒发的不是对祖国的爱,而是对党和社会主义祖国的怨恨。文章认为:“尽管建国以来,我们党的工作有过失误,几经挫折,特别是林彪、江青反革命集团的破坏,使社会主义制度的优越性未充分发挥,但建国三十年来的成绩仍然是巨大的。”二、《苦恋》通过艺术形象散布了一种背离社会主义祖国的情绪。文章认为作品通过画家女儿之口提出的“您爱我们这个国家,可这个国家爱您吗”这句尖锐的话,才是这部作品的真实主题。三、文章认为作者用大量的形象、隐喻、符号和语言,反覆表现的是“神佛”对人的精神奴役,“太阳”下的人和苦难的命运,以及五星红旗飘扬的土地上发生的悲剧。文章说作家“歪曲历史”,把 “四人帮”的倒行逆施当作伟大祖国对自己儿女的冷酷无情,把十年浩劫的灾难归罪于社会主义制度,甚至把党和“四人帮”等同起来加以鞭挞。四、《苦恋》一再唱出“我们飞翔着把人字写在天上”的主题歌,认为人的尊严、人的价值“写在经书里、悬在天空中,可望而不可及”,“反衬地上的人的悲惨命运”,“指责我们的党践踏了人的尊严,抹杀了人的价值”。

    看了以上比较详细的论点摘要,可以看出,解放军报的评论文章从头到尾贯穿的主旨,就是说剧本《苦恋》的作者违反四项基本原则。这是立论,也是结论。虽然没有写“反党反社会主义”这个大家听熟了的词,但文章批判的实际上就是这个意思。

    我当天下午找来电影剧本《苦恋》仔细看了。我认为,作者创作这个剧本,是看到一些社会现象,接触到真实的人和事,有强烈爱憎的感情,对“四人帮”在“文革”中的倒行逆施是痛恨的,对党过去实行的“左”的错误路线和危害是有切肤之痛的,对知识分子在历次政治运动中的不幸遭遇是同情的,因而剧本有许多情节是真实的,感人的。但是他把这一切都简单地归结为个人崇拜,并由此作了一些十分夸张的、绝对化的描写,把一些现象孤立起来,又人为地使之极端地对立,因而造成失误。作者思想观念上的偏差,导致了艺术表现上的迷乱和失实。

    问题是,如何对待一部有错误倾向的文学作品?如何去分析作品中的错误思想和艺术方法呢?我感到,军报评论员文章不是把握得很好,而是从政治概念、政治原则出发,一一作出“政治裁决”。

    临傍晚时,领导同志又打来第三次电话。他问:“你们决定转载了吗?”我在电话中,详细地把上午讨论的情况和我个人的看法一一作了汇报。他没有对我们的意见进行批驳,却说:“你们对错误的东西为什么不批?应该转载嘛。这是原则问题,你们要认真考虑。”说着就把电话挂断了。

    这的确是一个原则的问题。对待错误倾向必须批评,这是一个原则问题;用什么态度和方法批评错误的东西,也是一个原则问题。这一晚,我上半夜在报社看稿件,下半夜回到家里基本上未合眼,翻来覆去,考虑转载这篇评论文章的事。我反覆考虑,不转载是从安定团结的大局,是从有利于团结、教育广大知识分子出发的,但我也知道,坚持真理有时是十分困难的,是会冒风险的。

    第二天一早,我赶到报社,看到解放日报在第一版显著地位转载了军报特约评论员文章,而文汇报按照我的意见,夜班没有转载。读者不断有电话来。有许多读者,我估计主要是各界的知识分子,他们尖锐地说:“军报的文章就是‘大批判’,戴那么多‘帽子’,是‘ 文革’的遗风嘛,我们看了不理解,三中全会开了,政治运动还会再来吗?我们的确是心有余悸。文汇报不转载,我们都认为是对的。”但也有少数读者,我估计比较多的是机关干部,他们也尖锐地用质问的口气说:“解放日报转载了军报文章,文汇报为什么不转载?党报为什么不讲党性?”这两种截然不同的反应,正是社会存在的现实思想的反映。

    上午,我约评论部、文艺部负责人研究。我提出:我们未转载军报的评论员文章,并不意味着《苦恋》剧本没有错误,只不过说明,我们认为,要对《苦恋》的错误作实事求是的批评,要用正确的方法进行批评,因此,我们要立即写一篇本报评论员文章,题目可考虑是:《评电影剧本〈苦恋〉的错误思想倾向》。大家认为我们写这篇评论,不要扣大帽子,而是摆事实,讲道理,要说服人,而且要从剧本的实际出发,既作思想分析,也作艺术分析,相信这样做,广大读者是会接受的。

    p335831a295888623-ss.jpg
    《太阳和人》海报 (画家袁运生绘制,也是唯一一份样张)

    在我们开会讨论的过程中,接到了领导同志的第四个电话。他责问:“你们为什么原因不转载军报的评论文章?”我又把昨天说的意见向他扼要汇报,他听了一半就把电话挂了。这时我心绪不大好,我请副书记刘庆泗坐在电话机旁,如领导有电话来,就记录一下。果然,隔了五分钟,第五个电话来了,记录上是这样写的:“你告诉老马,不转载是不对的,看风是要倒霉的,危险的。这不是我个人的意见,是经过市委的。你们是党领导的报纸,不能自行其是……你们办事不漂亮。”语气是十分凌厉的。说我们“跟风”,跟谁的风?跟什么风?他不说,我们也不知道;说我们“自行其是”,我们将不转载的理由及时向领导汇报了;说“经过市委的”,我们不知道市委做出过什么正式指示和决定。这些都从何说起?

    看过电话记录,我心情更沉重。对这位领导同志,我们是很敬重的。他曾被错误地划成右派,下放东北劳动,对极左路线的危害应该说是有深刻体会的。可能的情况是,现在地位变了,考虑问题可能不够客观、冷静,我抱定的想法是:“我尊敬领导,但我更尊重真理。 ”回顾我几十年的办报生涯,的确是个多次得到表扬的“驯服工具”,“党指向哪里就干到哪里”,“一句顶一万句”,很少考虑“为什么”,有时我也办过一些错事、蠢事。我反右时受到处分,“文革”时受到严重迫害,党籍也被造反派开除掉了,粉碎“四人帮”后才彻底平反,但我认真总结历史经验,我开始对问题的考虑比较周到些,头脑也更清醒些。如果没有正反两方面的经验,我想不会发生转载和不转载的事,我也可能还在糊里糊涂地“照办”。

    既然电话中说“经过了市委的”,市委如何讨论?如何决定?这不是一件小事,而是重要的组织原则问题。于是,我下午匆匆赶到市委主要领导同志的家中,这是我第一次进过他的家门。我再一次汇报了有关转载军报特约评论员文章的经过和报社领导同志讨论的意见,我问市委是如何讨论和决定的,回答说没有讨论过。我又提出,主管报纸工作的书记对我们有意见,很难讲通,可否请他做点工作。他连忙一口回绝,只是说,你去和他谈谈吧。至于对这件事应该如何看,他却什么意见也未表示出来。没奈何,我只得又跨进主管报纸工作的书记的家门,他有点感冒,躺在床上。我坐到他的床边,问候他的健康,想听听他对我们不转载军报评论文章有什么具体的批评意见,我也可以再一次把自己的想法坦诚地交换一下。可是他始终未说出我们未转载评论文章究竟错在哪里,我也只得怏怏然回到报社。不一会儿,老刘又记录下第六个电话。老刘为我挡驾说老马出去了,对方说:“你告诉他,不要转变抹角,找××(指市委主要领导同志),这样要把关系搞坏的,是理屈吗?……”老刘也搞不清楚电话里讲的究竟是什么意思。傍晚,我在审阅新闻稿时,电话铃又响了:“是老马吗?这种事(还是转载军报评论文章的事),你们做得不漂亮。我们俩关系蛮好嘛,你们这样做,以后我们怎么相处,怎么做朋友呀……”我拿着电话机,半晌说不出话来,也不知道该说什么好。两天里七只电话,要把电话内容一一解读一下,可不那么容易,但有一点是肯定的,作为一个办报人,为了坚持一点真理,可真不容易啊!

    第三天,我接到市委办公厅通知,说下午书记处要开办公会议,讨论《苦恋》问题,请我列席。我很高兴有一个正式的场合来讨论问题,可以把是非谈清楚。我拉着副书记陆灏一起去,好在旁边提醒我,免得我说话走火。市委主管报纸工作的书记首先开腔,不讲事情的起因和过程,也不讲转载军报评论文章是出于何种考虑,而是劈头劈脑对我进行批评:“你马达,要知道,文汇报是党领导的报纸,是市委的报纸,你眼里还有市委吗?”我说:“对于中央、市委的决定、指示,我是坚决执行的,但并不是市委领导同志讲的每一句话,我都要听了照办……”他接着又说:“你是老党员,老报人,你不转载军报评论员文章,就是违反纪律,违反民主集中制。”我又接着说:“我不是新党员,我懂得民主集中制。难道只有领导说了算,下级不能提出意见吗?……”陆灏也插话说:“我们不转载军报文章,不是老马一个人的决定,是我们党委集体讨论定下来的,是认真考虑以后做出的。”那位书记火气未消,继续说:“现在社会上就有错误思潮,你们究竟站在哪一边?”我说:“对错误思潮,我们是要批评的,但是要实事求是地批,用正确的方法批,我们已另外写了一篇评论员文章,批评《苦恋》的错误思想倾向,今晚就送来大样请您和市委审查。”他不理会这件事,仍然大声嚷道:“你们这样做,就是不听中央的、市委的……”说着,站起来拍着桌子,“你们这样做就是错误,违反纪律,违反民主集中制。”听到这里,我的情绪也激动了,给我戴上几顶“帽子”,就是不讲我的错误在哪里,于是我也站起来,说:“我不知道我错在哪里,上级说了,下级可以说出自己的意见嘛,如果我错了,市委撤我的职好了。”这时,主持会议的主要领导同志看到双方说话火药味较浓,讨论已无法进行,但他又不好当着面批评同级的副书记,于是就朝着我说,“老马,你不要激动,不要激动嘛,总要讲纪律,讲民主集中制嘛。”翻来覆去讲这两句话。未转载军报评论员文章,究竟是对还是错,为什么是对是错,他一句话也没有说明。会议就这样不了了之,散会了。回报社的路上,我对老陆说:我们背着一笔糊涂账回来了,传达也没法传达。后来,我在报社领导班子里讲了会议的情况。当晚,我们送审的批评《苦恋》错误思想倾向的本报评论员文章也石沉大海,连个回音也没有。

    那时候,我对眼前发生的一切,不停地思索。三中全会以后,明确提出,在纠正右的错误的同时,要特别注意肃清“左”的错误影响,这是很必要的。但是,“左”的思想由来已久,它自觉或不自觉地侵入我们的肌体,有时曾经受过“左”的错误之害的人,也会不自觉地以“左”的那一套来对付别人,这是历史给我们留下的印记,也是不幸的悲剧。

    这件事还没有完结。隔了几天,胡耀邦到浙江杭州,打电话到上海,要文教书记去杭州汇报工作。两位书记一同去了,听说,主管报纸工作的书记在汇报工作一开始,就向胡耀邦提出:我们上海有全国影响的文汇报,总编辑马达不听招呼,站在错误的立场上,不转载解放军报批《苦恋》的特约评论员文章,市委认为这是个严重问题……他想等待胡耀邦说一句严厉批评或者立即查办马达的意思的话。胡耀邦仔细听了他们的汇报,沉思了一会,说:“这篇特约评论员文章我也看了,可以转载,不转载也应该是可以的吧。”他们没有想到胡耀邦这样回答,再讲也就没有意思了。

    关于转载还是不转载军报特约评论员文章的讨论和争论,就在这时画下了句号。

    如今回想起来,这件事留在我的记忆里,是不愉快的。党中央的正式文件中写着,“报纸要在宪法和法律的范围内活动”,“在党的路线、方针政策指导下,总编辑要勇于独立负责”。六十年的办报生涯告诉我,“负责”是尽心尽力的,“独立”则虽有勇气,却难以实行,这有赖于党内扩大民主,真正健全民主集中制。今天我们已有不小的进步,希望明天会有更大的进步。

    (2005年08月26日 11:24:51  来源:光明网(摘自《马达自述:办报生涯60年》,文汇出版社2004年11月版)

    http://www.tuidang.org/td/news/szps/2012-02-23/3061.html

  • Members of U.S. Congress Urge State Department to Release Information on Organ Harvesting in China

    Members of U.S. Congress Urge State Department to Release Information on Organ Harvesting in China

    Over 100 representatives sign bi-partisan letter asking for details divulged by Wang Lijun

    Over 100 members of Congress request the State Department to release information it may have about organ transplant-related atrocities in China.

    Over 100 members of Congress request the State Department to release information it may have about organ transplant-related atrocities in China.

    WASHINGTON DC – In an unprecedented step to unveil organ transplant abuses in China, 106 members of the U.S. Congress sent a letter to Secretary of State Hillary Clinton on October 3. The letter requests the release of information about transplant abuses in China that the U.S. government may possess, including details that former Chongqing deputy mayor Wang Lijun is believed to have transmitted during his stay in the U.S. Consulate in February. 

    “Medical doctors in the United States and around the world are growing increasingly concerned about alleged unethical organ procurement practices and abuses of transplant medicine abroad. This is no truer than in China, where serious allegations suggest unimaginable abuses have occurred,” reads the letter.

    “While at the US Consulate, it is claimed that Wang Lijun may have divulged information about the harvesting of organs from still living Falun Gong practitioners. If such evidence was received and brought to light, measures could be taken to help stop such abominable abuses. We therefore ask that the State Department release any information it may have that relates to transplant abuses in China, including any documentation that Wang Lijun may have provided to our Consulate in Chengdu.”

    The Dear Colleague Letter follows on a hearing about organ harvesting from religious and political prisoners in China that was held on September 12 (news). The letter states that testimony presented implicated “Chinese hospitals and doctors in the practice of forced organ harvesting from prisoners, to allegedly include from living practitioners of the Falun Gong spiritual movement, Uighurs, Tibetans, and House Christians.”

    The letter was submitted with bi-partisan support, co-sponsored by Representatives Robert Andrews (D-NJ) and Chris Smith (R-NJ), and signed by 106 members from across both parties. The full text of the letter is available here.

    Chinese Citizens Killed, Organs Extracted to Fuel Lucrative Transplantation Business

    China now performs the second highest number of transplants per year after the United States, around 10,000 according to official statistics. The Chinese government claims that over 90 percent of the organs are from executed death row inmates, However, medical experts and human rights workers say that the numbers do not add up, and that the logistics of performing transplantations means that such an arrangement is unfeasible. 

    Several investigations suggest the gap is filled by prisoners of conscience, especially detained practitioners of Falun Gong. Tens of thousands of Falun Gong practitioners are held, pre-screened (for blood type and other qualities required to match an organ to a patient) and reportedly killed on-demand in order to extract organs to fuel the transplantation industry in China, which generates hundreds of millions of dollars in revenue (fact sheet).

    Publicly available evidence indicates that Wang, whose flight to the U.S. consulate sparked a high-profile political scandal and the downfall of Chongqing Communist Party Chief Bo Xilai, was involved in organ transplants from prisoners. Wang admitted during a 2006 award ceremony to having been present at thousands of organ removal and transplant operations as chief of police in Liaoning’s Jinzhou. In an earlier state-media interview, he referred to the experience of seeing someone executed and “within minutes” seeing their organ in another’s body as “soul stirring.”  

    * See here for the written testimonies from the September 12 hearing.
    * See here for a Falun Dafa Information Center fact sheet summarizing the history and evidence of organ harvesting from Falun Gong prisoners of conscience.

    Essential Background

    In July of 1999, China’s autocratic Communist Party launched an unlawful campaign of arrests, violence, and propaganda against Chinese citizens practicing Falun Gong (or “Falun Dafa”) with the intent of “eradicating” the apolitical practice. Former Communist Party leader Jiang Zemin launched the persecution fearing the practice’s growing popularity among the Chinese people (70 to 100 million) was overshadowing his own legacy (article). Since then, the Falun Dafa Information Center, based in New York, has reported over 3,500 deaths from abuse and over 80,000 cases of torture. The United Nations, Amnesty International, Chinese human rights lawyers, and foreign media have also documented Falun Gong torture and deaths at the hands of Chinese officials (samples). Hundreds of thousands of Chinese who practice Falun Gong remain in captivity, rendering them the single largest group of prisoners of conscience in China (article). Falun Gong is a traditional Chinese spiritual discipline that is Buddhist in nature, but not part of the religion of Buddhism. It consists of slow-moving “qigong” exercises, meditation, and teachings for daily life centered on the tenets of truthfulness, compassion, and tolerance (about Falun Gong).

    http://faluninfo.net/article/1251/?cid=84

  • Frame by frame, Chinese anime blatantly plagiarizes Japan’s Hikarian: Great Railroad Protector

    Frame by frame, Chinese anime blatantly plagiarizes Japan’s Hikarian: Great Railroad Protector

    September 28, 2012Jing Gao3 Comments, , , , , , ,

    It may be offensive to review how China lags far behind and yet is so eager to imitate Japan at a time when anti-Japanese sentiments have swept China, but a video that compares scenes of the Japanese anime “Hikarian: Great Railroad Protector” with a Chinese cartoon called “高铁侠”, which literally means ‘High-speed Train Hero’, can surely make most viewers laugh and may help diffuse the tension.

    Any one that see clips of the two anime put side by side may agree that the two look strikingly similar, and even the plot and the characters are exactly the same, except that the Chinese knockoff, produced in 2010, is so much coarser than the Japanese original released in 1996.

    Video:


    Below: screencaps of the side-by-side comparison. Top left: China’s High Speed Train Hero; Bottom right: Japan’s Hikarian.

    hikarian01 hikarian02hikarian03 hikarian04hikarian05 hikarian06

    This is another blatant copy of foreign works on screen. In January, 2010, Ministry of Tofu broke to the English-speaking world the news of state broadcaster China Central Television passing off scenes from Tom Cruise’s Top Gun in its coverage of a military drill.

    A former employee of Feifan, the Chinese animation company that stole the idea from Hikarian, ranted about the absurd plagiarism in his blog. According to him, government subsidies are the main driver of the catch-as-catch-can animation industry that often produces unoriginal and unappealing works.

    “In China, an animation production company with an annual output of 2,000 minutes (of works) can receive a subsidy of 1,000 yuan (US$150) per minute. The bigger the annual output, the higher per-minute subsidy you receive,” he wrote in the post.

    “In 2011, Feifan produced 10,000 minutes of animated works,” he went on with his tirade, “Anyone that has worked in the industry knows how to make sense of it. An annual output of more than 10,000 minutes means churning out 40 episodes of 20-minute-long anime series every month. To put that into perspective, if Feifan were a Japanese company, it could undertake all new episodes in the entire country… with no pressure.

    “In this case, no matter how many unpaid interns Feifan has or how low the salary of a full-time employee is, it cannot possibly meet the requirement, so how did they tackle  this problem? Our genius boss came up with a great idea: he finds old classics and transfer them directly into 3D works shot-for-shot. This is how he created the legend.”

    http://www.ministryoftofu.com/2012/09/frame-by-frame-chinese-anime-blatantly-plagiarizes-japans-hikarian-great-railroad-protector/

  • Teacher stamps marks on underachieving students’ faces

    Teacher stamps marks on underachieving students’ faces

    September 26, 2012Jing Gao2 Comments, , , , , , , , 

    From Southern Metropolis Daily and Sina Weibo

    An elementary school teacher in the southern Chinese city of Shenzhen has been widely criticized on the Internet for stamping red and blue marks on her students’ faces based on how they behave at school to tell good students from “bad” ones.

    The complaint over the public humiliation and discrimination was first brought by a parent to Southern Metropolis Daily. “Is that any different from stigmatizing an inmate with tattoo on his face in the ancient times?” he asked.

    The reporter with the newspaper came to Shangfen Primary School in Shenzhen on the afternoon of September 25, and saw at least three students bearing marks on their foreheads in the third-grade class.  According to the students, top-performing students received red marks on their faces, whereas the mischievous ones got blue marks.

    stamp01

    In Class 1, Grade 3 at Shangfen Elementary School in Shenzhen, three students are seen bearing stamps on their faces, including one girl having a red flower on her forehead that says “Award.”

    stamp02

    The other two students wear smudged blue marks. Both of them have tried to wipe the mark away.  

    stamp03

    One student with a blue mark told the reporter, “Everyone knows blue stands for bad behavior. Many classmates laughed at me. My pride is so hurt.” He said he once pled the teacher to stamp the mark on his arm instead of the face to make it less visible, only to be refused by the teacher. The teacher even told him not to remove it until he got home.

    The reporter found the class was the only one in the school to stamp marks directly on students’ faces. The teacher, Ms.Guo, explained that the school has been promoting a performance appraisal system since the beginning of this year. Each student has a booklet to collect stamps. After a certain number of red stamps are collected, the student can get a badge of honor awarded by the school principal.

    stamp04

    Ms. Guo, who has been accused of her improper teaching method, graduated from college not long ago and is a new teacher at the elementary school.

    “Given that once the stamp is left on the booklet, it is final and cannot be erased, I wanted to stamp it on their bodies, especially on underachieving kids, to spur them on and fight for more red stamps,” Guo explained. She apologized for her lack of consideration.

    Li Yu, the vide principal, said that Ms. Guo is a newly-arrived teacher and lacks experiences; she meant well but did not handle the matter correctly, “We will strengthen our training of young teachers to avoid similar mistakes in the future. Respect for kids always comes first,” but he did not say if Guo would be fired.

    Last October, an elementary school forced “bad” students to wear green scarf as opposed to the typical red scarf worn by most Chinese pupils as a badge of shame, which came in for much criticism of its teaching method.

    Selected comments on Sina Weibo:

    驴脾气小驴:I just don’t get it: isn’t it perfectly normal for little kids to make a mistake?? Why not? Why can’t they?? If you want to make a saint out of them, at least be a saint yourself! What stuff are teachers nowadays made of~!

    Emma-白哲:Don’t dismiss it as a trifle. Its impact on kids’ psychology may be permanent. Little kids have a strong sense of pride. They must be encouraged often. How can one hurt kids’ pride? I think choosing the right school is also important. Should have enough information about teachers before letting kids enroll. My cousin used to attend a dancing class. The teacher there used a lot of profanity when talking. The kid was psychologically adversely affected. Later her parents even filed a complaint.

    溜溜达达的懒猫:So are they really going to keep this teacher?

    御风而行Vivian:I think it is actually a good idea to use the red stamp as reward. The blue stamp is about letting students know the shame and then work harder. I don’t think the blue stamp is that much a big deal. Teaching is not an easy job. When you have students who just won’t listen to whatever you say and impervious to the grill, you gotta use extreme methods to achieve your intended goal.

    众人深爱的家骏哥:I am curious: how many ignorant and unethical scumbags like this is China’s army of teachers made of?

    VenusLondonH:Haha, nice mark! Like those on pork for sale!

    燕大人围脖:The psychological scar one gets at a very young age is very difficult to get rid of! Such a memory will persist for the rest of one’s life!

    Icy努力上多大:Don’t always use the excuse of letting kids know their mistake to mask mistakes of adults. No education can make it up to the psychological would kids get. Such a teacher should really be fired, because her frame of mind, quality of character, education and (lack of) cultivation have all disqualified her for the job of elementary teaching.

    嘛嘛育萱:There are unethical teachers everywhere. Hope my daughter will never meet any one of them in the future.

    杨朝雨:Chinese good kids will pay for the school, for their education in obedience. Chinese good kids are easily overwhelmed by flattery and honor, whereas those who score low in exams are considered imbeciles. Bad students are negligible laughing stocks at school. Chinese good kids are like caged birds who forget how to fly and lose their bearings once they are released into the society. Chinese good kids are always one being taught. Good kids, mama’s boys?

    骑着驴去飚:Red stands for good; blue stands for bad. The truth is, red countries are autocracies; blue countries are democracies. Blue is good. They can definitely relocated to the U.S. The red ones, just go ahead being enslaved in the Heavenly Kingdom!

    CL小妞:Those who work as a teacher will also be a parent one day. Try to think about the future of your own kids.

    http://www.ministryoftofu.com/2012/09/teacher-stamps-marks-on-underachieving-students-faces/

  • Briton doled out food to homeless people in China for 7 years

    Briton doled out food to homeless people in China for 7 years

    September 24, 2012Jing Gao4 Comments, , , , , , , , ,

    From NetEase

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    A British engineer sold out his three companies, estate and two race cars seven years ago and came to Xi’an, China, to provide food to the homeless people. Recently, his story has garnered much support and respect from many Chinese netizens, while some others sniff at it.

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    46-year-old Tony used to be an electrical engineer in the British Royal Navy. He ran three companies after leaving the army, and owned an estate and two race cars. He said that he suddenly grew bored of his hectic life on one day in 2002, and then decided to sell his companies, house and cars and left England for a trip around the world.

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    In 2005, Tony set up “Yellow River Charity Kitchen” in Xi’an, Shaanxi province. Tony said, “Yellow River Charity Kitchen” has two goals: help those who wish to offer help, offer help to those who need help. Their handing out baozi (Chinese steamed buns) to the homeless went from one day per week to three days per week. “Some people said, ‘No, I can’t help them (the homeless). They may have a house and a car back in their hometown,’” Tony said, “We don’t make judgments as to who are real and who are fake. The reality is, after all, most homeless people are real. As long as we can help them, this thing becomes meaningful..” Tony even used the Chinese proverb, 瑕不掩瑜, (One flaw cannot obscure the splendor of the jade) to express his opinion that the defects cannot belittle the virtues.

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    Clothes donated by caring people take up an entire room, June 27, Xi’an. Tony says they hand out clothes on a regular basis. People often encourage the homeless to find a job, but Tony disagree with that idea. “People differ in their capabilities. Some people, such as the handicapped, the old and the intellectually challenged, have no choice. Some others just don’t feel like a change at the moment, so, just let them be. Our job is to provide services to them.”

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    Tony said that because the homeless do not have a sense of security, they would tell newly-arrived volunteers not to ask those homeless people why they choose to beg in the street instead of finding a job, “Their right to choose a life like this should be respected. People have the right to choose how they live their life.” So far, the freebies they offer have expanded to include hair-cut, shower, clothes and quilts.

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    Tony eats boxed lunch or steamed buns with veggie stuffing.

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    Tony contacts the owner of a baozi shop and tells him the quantity needed.

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    Tony shows the photo in his cellphone of the car and the country house he once owned.

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    A photo of Tony and a few foreign volunteers.

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    Tony and the baozi shop owner stay friends across the years.

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    A homeless person expresses his gratitude for Tony.

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    Every time after he finishes handing out baozi, Tony spends 15 minutes walking to a nearby bus stop and rides a bus home.

    http://www.ministryoftofu.com/2012/09/briton-doled-out-food-to-homeless-people-in-china-for-7-years/